解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::The extraordinary events surrounding the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine in the United Kingdom have not only placed in jeopardy the use of this triple vaccine but have also spread concern to other parts of the world. Examination of the public's worry about MMR vaccine reveals they have been exposed to a rang...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.29.1.22
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Francis Fukuyama, in his Our Posthuman Future, and Gregory Stock, in his Redesigning Humans, present competing versions of the biomedical future of human beings, and debate the merits of more or less stringent regimes of regulation for biomedical innovation. In this article, these positions are shown to depend on a sh...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.29.1.59
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reproductive tourism is the travelling by candidate service recipients from one institution, jurisdiction, or country where treatment is not available to another institution, jurisdiction, or country where they can obtain the kind of medically assisted reproduction they desire. The more widespread this phenomenon, the...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.28.6.337
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A deaf lesbian couple who sought a sperm donor with a family history of deafness in order to have a child they hoped would be deaf have attracted a lot of criticism. They have been criticised for deliberately creating a deaf child, for denying their child a hearing aid, and for raising the child in a homosexual househ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.28.5.283
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ethics committees now require that individuals give informed consent to much health services research, in the same way as for clinical research. This is misguided. Existing ethical guidelines do not help us decide how to seek consent in these cases, and have allowed managerial experimentation to remain largely uncheck...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/jme.28.5.313
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The concept of Hisba in Muslim law has been used by members of certain Islamic groups to impose, through the courts, limitations on freedom of expression. In so doing they sought to circumvent the right of parliament to legislate on matters of personal freedom. This device is now restricted by the Egyptian authorities...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.28.4.223
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper develops themes addressed in an article by Eric Wiland in the Journal of Medical Ethics 2000;26:466-8, where he aims to contribute to the debate concerning the moral status of abortion, and to emphasise the importance of analogies in moral argument. In the present paper I try to secure more firmly a novel u...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.28.4.244
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since Bennett, Draper, and Frith published a paper in this journal in 2000 considering the possible criminalisation of HIV transmission, an important legal development has taken place. February 2001 saw the first successful United Kingdom prosecution for the sexual transmission of disease for over a century, when Step...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.28.3.160
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this issue of the journal Mark Brown has offered a new argument against my potential future of value theory. I argue that even though the premises of this new argument are far more defensible than the premises of his old argument, the new argument does not show that the potential future of value theory of the wrong...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.28.3.198
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the light of increasing public mistrust, there is an urgent need to clarify the moral status of the medical profession and of the relationship of the clinician to his/her patients. In addressing this question, I first establish the coherence, within moral philosophy generally, of the concept of supererogation (the ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.28.2.70
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Little has been written in the medical literature concerning the ethics of treatment of the elderly demented patient with bowel obstruction. It is one example of the issues with which we are becoming increasingly involved. We conducted a survey of our colleagues' opinions to determine current practice. DESIG...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.28.2.105
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:According to the Declaration of Helsinki, patients who take part in a clinical trial must be adequately informed about the trial's aims, methods, expected benefits, and potential risks. The declaration does not, however, elaborate on what "adequately informed" might amount to, in practice. Medical researcher...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.28.1.45
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper examines one particular justification for the screening and termination of embryos/fetuses which possess genetic features known to cause disability. The particular case is that put forward in several places by John Harris. He argues that the obligation to prevent needless suffering justifies the prevention ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.27.6.380
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To demonstrate Japanese doctors' and nurses' attitudes towards and practices of voluntary euthanasia (VE) and to compare their attitudes and practices in this regard. DESIGN:Postal survey, conducted between October and December 1999, using a self-administered questionnaire. PARTCIPANTS: All doctor members an...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.27.5.324
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This essay seeks to characterise the essential features of an equitable health care system in terms of the classical Aristotelian concepts of horizontal and vertical equity, the common (but ill-defined) language of "need" and the economic notion of cost-effectiveness as a prelude to identifying some of the more import...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.27.4.275
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::For a few decades, patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have been treated with intracerebral transplantations of fetal mesencephalic tissue. The results of open trials have been variable. Double blind, placebo-controlled studies have recently been started in order to further investigate the efficacy of this new medi...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.27.3.151
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The internet is becoming increasingly important in health care practice. The number of health-related web sites is rising exponentially as people seek health-related information and services to supplement traditional sources, such as their local doctor, friends, or family. The development of e-medicine poses important...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.27.suppl_1.i33
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several religious traditions are widely believed to advocate the use of life-sustaining treatment in all circumstances. Hence, many believe that these faiths would require the use of a feeding tube in patients with advanced dementia who have lost interest in or the capacity to swallow food. This article explores wheth...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.27.1.12
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because of cultural differences between East and West, any attempt at outright adaptation of Western ideas in Asia will undoubtedly encounter problems, if not rejection. Transferring an idea from one place to another is just like transplanting an organ from a donor to a recipient--rejection is to be expected. Human cu...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.27.1.51
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The research assessment exercise (RAE) forms the basis for determining the funding of higher education institutions in the UK. Monies are distributed according to a range of performance criteria, the most important of which is "research outputs". Problems to do with publication misconduct, and in particular, issues of...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.26.6.422
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article discusses what level of consent is needed from a child or parent before a primary-school medical can take place (i.e. where children are aged under 12). It also considers whether there are occasions when a doctor can see a child if the parents have failed to give consent or have explicitly refused consent...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.26.6.469
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To study the attitudes of health care staff in four postcommunist countries towards taking gifts from their clients--and their confessed experience of actually taking such gifts. DESIGN:Survey questionnaire administered to officials including health care staff, supplemented by focus-group discussions with t...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.26.5.305
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To explore British community pharmacists' views on PAS, including professional responsibility, personal beliefs, changes in law and ethical guidance. DESIGN:Postal questionnaire. SETTING:Great Britain. SUBJECTS:A random sample of 320 registered full-time community pharmacists. RESULTS:The survey yielded ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.26.5.363
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess whether UK and US health care professionals share the views of medical ethicists about medical futility, withdrawing/withholding treatment, ordinary/extraordinary interventions, and the doctrine of double effect. DESIGN, SUBJECTS AND SETTING:A 138-item attitudinal questionnaire completed by 469 UK...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.26.4.254
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The notion of consent which rose to the forefront in biomedical ethics as an attempt to safeguard patients' autonomy, is relatively new. The notion itself requires qualification, for it precludes neither duress nor ignorance. More seriously, I argue here that consent is redundant except in situations where paternalism...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.26.3.183
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an influential essay entitled Why abortion is wrong, Donald Marquis argues that killing actual persons is wrong because it unjustly deprives victims of their future; that the fetus has a future similar in morally relevant respects to the future lost by competent adult homicide victims, and that, as consequence, abo...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.26.2.103
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research that is initiated, designed or funded by sponsor agencies based in countries with relatively high social and economic development, and conducted in countries that are relatively less developed, gives rise to many important ethical challenges. Although clinical trials of HIV vaccines began ten years ago in the...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.26.1.37
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Jehovah's Witnesses are students of the Bible. They refuse transfusions out of obedience to the scriptural directive to abstain and keep from blood. Dr Muramoto disagrees with the Witnesses' religious beliefs in this regard. Despite this basic disagreement over the meaning of Biblical texts, Muramoto flouts the religi...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.25.6.469
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This is a continuation of and a development of a debate between John Keown and me. The issue discussed is whether, in Britain, an unpaid system of blood donation promotes and is justified by its promotion of altruism. Doubt is cast on the notions that public policies can, and, if they can, that they should, be aimed a...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.25.6.532
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The urgency of the resuscitation and the impaired ability of the patient to make a reasonable autonomous decision both conspire against adequate consideration of the principles of medical ethics. Informed consent is usually not possible for these reasons and this leads many to consider that consent is not required for...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.25.5.375
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The author responds to Professor Kottow's criticisms, explaining numerous errors and misconceptions. ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.25.4.344
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dr Neil Campbell suggests that when patients suffering extremes of protracted pain ask for help to end their lives, their requests should be discounted as made under compulsion. I contend that the doctors concerned should be referred to and then act upon advance directives made by those patients when of sound and calm...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.25.3.245
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The most publicly justifiable application of human cloning, if there is one at all, is to provide self-compatible cells or tissues for medical use, especially transplantation. Some have argued that this raises no new ethical issues above those raised by any form of embryo experimentation. I argue that this research is...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.25.2.87
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper we question whether the concept of "genetic privacy" is a contradiction in terms. And, if so, whether the implications of such a conclusion, inevitably impact on how society comes to perceive privacy and responsibility generally. Current law and ethical discourse place a high value on self-determination ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.25.2.144
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The increasing availability of DNA-based diagnostic tests has raised issues about whether these should be applied to the population at large in order to identify, treat or prevent a range of diseases. DNA tests raise concerns in the community for several reasons. There is the possibility of stigmatisation and discrimi...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.25.2.209
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To compare the perceptions of physician executives and clinicians regarding ethical issues in Saudi Arabian hospitals and the attributes that might lead to the existence of these ethical issues. DESIGN:Self-completion questionnaire administered from February to July 1997. SETTING:Different health regions i...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.25.1.51
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patient autonomy has gradually replaced physician paternalism as an ethical ideal. However, in a medical context, the principle of individual autonomy has different meanings. More knowledge is needed about what is and should be an appropriate understanding of the concept of patient autonomy in clinical pract...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.24.6.394
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A negative image of community care prevails. This method of care is perceived to be a relatively novel phenomenon and has received mixed media coverage. The negative image of community care has led to the growing belief that this care method has failed. This failure has largely been ascribed to the lack of powers avai...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.24.5.336
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the recent developments in the Human Genome Mapping Project and the new technologies that are developing from it there is a renewal of concern about eugenic applications. Francis Galton (b1822, d1911), who developed the subject of eugenics, suggested that the ancient Greeks had contributed very little to social t...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.24.4.263
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an earlier article in this journal, I advanced five ethical arguments in favour of a voluntary, unpaid system of blood donation. In his reply to my article, Hugh McLachlan criticised one of those arguments, namely, the argument that an unpaid system promotes altruism and social solidarity. In this reply to Dr. McLa...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.24.4.255
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00